Classification of Harmonic Filter is based on its Filtering capability by its tuning class, which in turn is based on the Absorption duty cycle of Harmonic Filters as well as savings. Dynaspede offers:

• Tuned Filter
• De-tuned Filter
• Zero Sequence Filters

Specifications and Design of ESCOFILTER and its components are based on the following variables.

• System Short Circuit Level
• Existence of other Harmonic Filter and Shunt Capacitor Banks
• Rating and type of Non-linear load to be filtered
• Plan for future system expansion
• Ambient voltage distortion.
• Harmonic Spectrum, THD levels and TDD level.

Electrical loads generate and absorb reactive power in the process of their work. Since the transmitted Power and load varies considerably from time to time in the course of an hour, the reactive power balance in a grid varies as well. The result can be unacceptable voltage amplitude variations, a voltage depression, or even a voltage collapse. A rapidly operating Static Reactive Compensator (SRC) can continuously provide the reactive power required to control dynamic voltage swings under various system conditions and thereby improve power system transmission and distribution performance. A Dynamic response system such as SRC will provide the necessary amplitude and phase angle support for the voltage waveform. Installing an SRC at one or more suitable points in the network can increase Power transfer capability and reduce losses while maintaining a smooth voltage profile under different network conditions. In addition, an SRC can mitigate active power oscillations through voltage amplitude modulation.

The power flow on utility grids consists of both active and reactive power. The difference is due to the fact that the wave of alternating current always leads (capacitive load) or lags (inductive load) the voltage wave. Reactive power (measured in volts-amperes reactive, or VAr) is the product of voltage and out of phase component of alternating current.

Utilities and industries pay close attention to reactive power because it determines how the voltage declines or 'sags' on an electric network. To stabilize voltage conditions, the generated reactive power has to be compensated. To an electric power consumer, optimisation of an existing power system increases productivity, decreases utility charges, and improves equipment reliability.

With the advent of efficient, fast and compact power electronic devices, quality Power solutions have become much easier and feasible. Dynaspede has developed new applications to improve power quality in the electrical power supply, by providing Dynamic Responsive Correction Systems for the Sags and Swells. These new products facilitate increased reliability and better control of the power flow in electrical transmission systems. This directly influences profitability and boosts the bottom-line for both electrical suppliers and industrial end users.

Industrial electricity consumers constantly fear the negative effects of disturbances in the power supply that can be detrimental for their processes. A short sag (dip) in the supply voltage can stop an entire production line in highly sensitive industries, from computer chip manufacturing to textiles, with losses running to millions.

These concerns can now be put to rest with Dynaspede SRCs and DVRs, to be used separately or in conjunction by the Utility and the Consumer. The DVR provides the required buffering to ride through voltage transients (dips, sags and swells) without affecting the production line. Connected in series between grid and protected load, it compensates transients caused by faults in the transmission or distribution system, securing safe power supply to the load. The DVR stabilizes the voltage directly at the facility level, which normally is Medium Voltage in the distribution system.

The DVR can be sized to any voltage and load requirement, but is best suited for medium voltage (MV) or low voltage (LV) applications. The DVR stabilizes the voltage directly at the facility level, which normally is MV in the distribution system.

SAVELEC is a three-in-one concept with the following features:

• Conditioning the voltage wave form by smoothening the crest factor
• Regulation Of voltage
• Improvement of Power Factor

SAVELEC Power Saver is a Wave Form Profile Corrector and a dynamic Line Voltage Conditioner, along with a dynamic near unity power factor corrector. SAVELEC is an intelligent unit incorporating a micro-controller to continually optimise and adjust the Power transfer to the load as per its requirements. A low loss variable reactance and a variable capacitor provide the correct matching impedance for the load circuit there by improving the efficiency in the transfer of Power. Thus, optimal input power is achieved by the optimization of Voltage, current, and power factor depending upon the load, resulting in substantial power savings.

SAVELEC saves 18 to 20% power in normal lighting, fan and other small single-phase loads, subject to the system characteristics. SAVELEC Units are available in Single-phase version or in Three-phase version depending upon the type of load.

Power Conditioners Savers (PCS) are waveform correction and power factor improvement devices done on phase-wise loads using the latest RISC micro-controller.

A low loss continually variable reactance and adjustable phase-wise capacitance provides optimum impedance for the circuit for maximum power transfer.

Over 25% savings in electricity consumption are achievable in lighting systems (Fluorescent and Sodium Vapour Lamps), and substantial savings in mixed loads (A/C, Fans, Coolers, Appliances) with the use of PCS.

The principle of operation of the equipment is based on two fundamental aspects of maximum power transfer. The Maximum power transfer theorem says that when the impedance of the system is equal to the load impedance, maximum power will be transferred.

They are ideal crest factor of the voltage waveform and ideal power factor of the current waveform. These are properties associated with the power supply system and depend on the distribution as well as the end use equipment characteristics.

The equipment optimizes the voltage waveform by inserting the necessary inductances, and reduces the phase angle of the current wave form by injecting the appropriate capacitances. This ensures that there are no deficiencies in the power transfer to the electrical appliances, and thereby reduces the losses. This results in saving of Power.

SAVELEC is relatively low current application device, which has one multi-tapped inductance for each phase and different capacitor stages for the same phase. Depending upon the load, the power factor of the current wave form changes and accordingly the capacitance needs to be added to meet the reactive power requirement of the load. The micro controller in the equipment senses the active and reactive power component of the load and accordingly adjusts the input voltage and the current phase angle by switching in the respective inductance stage and capacitance stage.

In the case of PCS, Inductance is varied by the use of a motorized Variac, which will ensure smooth variation in the inductance of the equipment. Other than this, this equipment also has a wide dynamic range of operation from 180 volts to 260 volts between the phase and the neutral. PCS has heavy materials and is relatively much heavier than the equivalent size of SAVELEC. Both the ranges are not conflicting in the capacities, but complementary to each other.

The SAVELEC range is available up to 27 Kva in three-phase model and the PCS range starts from 30 kva up to 60 kva. In selective cases, PCS of 25 kva or even less are supplied to meet certain specifications. SAVELEC is suggested where finer corrections are not required, and savings of 15-20% are possible with coarse corrections.

PCS is suggested where finer corrections are required and sensitive loads are present.

SAVELEC is a power conditioner with the following operational features:

• It is a wave form smoothening Device
• It acts as voltage regulator with in a small band.(Stabilizers can be removed)
• It acts as a Power Factor Corrector (Capacitors can be removed to the extent dynamic compensation provided)
• It works as a detuned filter for the third harmonic currents, so that harmonic resonance is avoided

The equipment capacity is determined by the load that is connected to the output of the equipment, its nature and type. The three-phase currents on full load is measured along with the voltages of individual phase with respect to neutral, and power factor. If the power factor is found to be better than 0.8, then a multiplying factor of 1.2 is considered on the line current (Balanced currents in all three phases are considered—if there is heavy imbalance, it has to be physically balanced. If the power factor is below 0.8 and is above 0.65, a factor equal to 1.32 times the line current is considered for calculating the capacity.

Once the current level are thus calculated, the equipment capacity is determined by dividing the calculated current by a factor of 1.35, which gives the KVA rating of the equipment.

In case the voltages in the system are below 220volts, no major savings are possible except correction of the PF and reduction in I2 R. losses.

The existence of lumped input capacitances is not detrimental to the application of SAVELEC or PCS, in the feeder or sub-distribution boards in buildings or factories.

1. Input side overload /short circuit protection.
2. Earthing terminals for earthing the body of the equipment.
3. Overload Bypass and automatic restoration.

1. By comparing the instantaneous value of Power and current drawn in the circuit with the equipment in Save mode and Direct mode for the same load by changing the knob of the changeover switch with a duration of 10 – 30 minutes.
2. By installing an energy meter (optional) in series, the energy consumption in the save mode and in the Direct mode can be checked by the selection of the changeover switch for fixed duration (same duration) and with fixed load (same load).

We have service centres in almost all the metros and mini metros, with service engineers located at each of these centers, who are available on call, during the Warranty period and later. Normal rectification time in Metros and minimetros is 48 hours. In the absence of a full-fledged service centre near any other city/ town, you may approach our authorized dealer/ stockist for the correction of the equipment.

The operating conditions of the equipment are

• Supply input voltages of 415 volts 3-phase, 230 volts single-phase
• Typical loads as mentioned above—lighting and mixed loads
• Operating load factor of above 70% on the capacity of equipment
• No overload conditions
• Temperature of 30°C and up to 40°C

The Intelligent Automatic Power Factor Correction Panel with 3Ø sensing and correction is the ideal solution for larger loads and accurate correction to maintain high Power Factor, reduce KVA requirement and save Power.

Special Features

	Sturdy Powder coated panel for long life
	MCCB Incomer, each stage provided with MCB and Contactor and efficient design to limit inrush currents
	Heavy Duty Capacitors with long life and minimum losses
	Easy and efficient installation for good energy savings
	Available from 25 Kvar at 440V onwards to 500 kvar at 440 volts from 3 stage up to 12 stage

Reactive Power requirement as supplied by the panel will release substantial KVA capacity from the transformer.

Loading on Transformers is reduced, which in turn reduces the thermal stress, enhancing in the working life of transformers.

Separate VAR compensation eliminates the magnetizing current passing through the transformer to the loads, thus reducing the losses in the transformer (kwh) for savings.

The total electricity being distributed by Utilities in India is around 1,20,000 MW. So far most utilities depend on their own VAR compensation systems at the substation points to reduce their T & D losses. Now, given the impending power famine, it is increasingly important to reduce the transformer losses and improve the system voltage by suitable compensations throughout the electrical system.

A transformer is one of the most essential equipment for transmission and distribution of electricity. According to estimates, every megawatt of power capacity needs around 6MVA of power transformer. Distribution losses in India account for almost 18-20% of the total transmission and distribution (T&D) losses of around 26%. The no-load losses of a typical 100KVA distribution transformer is around 460 watts, and this can reduced by 75% by providing suitable VAR compensation using Automatically Switched Shunt Capacitor Banks at the secondary side.

Circuit compensation is useful in augmenting the reactive power requirement of the distribution system. Here, load centre compensation (at the 440volts/415 volts secondary) can be to the extent of 50% of the reactive power requirement. This ensures that during peak load times, the reactive power to the load is fully met and the voltage support required to prevent an undervoltage condition can be built up.

In the next stage, 30% of the reactive power can be provided at the Medium voltage level, again for voltage support and reactive power graded support.

Capacitors are Reactive power generators, by virtue of the supply of leading currents to the system. The most Economical way of providing reactive compensation for fixed loads, is to connect the required KVAR of capacitor across the motor terminals.

Power Factor is the ratio between the KW and the KVA drawn by an electrical load where the KW is the actual load power and the KVA is the apparent load power. Power factor is a measure of how effectively the current is being converted into useful work output. It is a good indicator of the effect of the load current on the efficiency of the supply system.

Power Factor It is a measure of the effect of the phase lag and harmonics of the input current on the main efficiency.

Power factor, cosq = P/S = Active power / Total apparent power

For the above power factor is inclusive of the harmonics

P.F. can be expressed as:

P.F. = Cosq1. Cosj1

Where
q1-  Phase lag between current & voltage caused by inductive nature of the load
j1-  Phase lag between current & voltage caused by harmonics in the supply which is produced by non-linear loads such as UPS, etc.

Power factor can be improved by using the following equipment:

1. Static capacitors
2. Synchronous condensers
3. Phase advancers

Static capacitors and synchronous condensers draw leading current and partly or completely reduce the lagging current in the load circuit, thus improving the power factor.

Phase advancer is an AC exciter which matches the stator winding current with the supply voltage. They are used in motor control applications.

Typical Electrical load connected to the supply without connecting capacitors

1. Reduces line losses
2. Reduces line current
3. Improves line voltage
4. Curtails voltage drop

1. Due to reduction in current, heating power dissipation loss will be minimal for the same conductor
2. Power loss will be minimal
3. Frees up system capacity

Intelligent and Automatic power factor correction Panels with Automatic sensing and Correction systems are provided to enable Accurate correction on larger intermittent inductive loads.

Dynaspede’s automatic mains failure control panel is a microprocessor digital unit offering all basic functions needed for the automatic control of a Generator set-up (Genset). 

The unit is housed in a sheet metal enclosure Length 250 mm, Width 420 mm and Height 600 mm. The panel has a door with a glass window for visibility of the indications and display parameters.

The panel is provided with four eyebolts at the top for lifting and powder coated with Siemens Grey colour shade.

In automatic mode, the unit monitors 3 phases of the mains supply and controls the automatic starting and stopping. When the engine is running, the unit monitors the fault conditions and shuts down the engine automatically in the occurrence of an alarm. The alarms are identified by a group of LEDs displaying only the first occurrence one.

• Over speed
• Under speed
• Low generator voltage
• High engine temperature
• Low lube oil pressure